Basic working principle of hydraulic system oil circuit of excavator

Many people don't know the working principle of hydraulic system oil circuit of excavator.Today,I will introduce to you what the specific work is?

1.Flow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil

The working principle of hydraulic system of excavator is to use pressure to drive the work of actuators,so the flow direction and flow rate of hydraulic oil are crucial.The hydraulic oil enters the pump through the oil tank.The pressure is generated due to the rotation of the impeller of the pump,and the hydraulic oil is pushed into the hydraulic system for flow.Each part of the oil circuit system has corresponding oil inlet and outlet.The hydraulic oil will pass through various control valves and actuators during the flow process and finally return to the oil tank.

2.Pressure of hydraulic oil

Hydraulic oil will generate a certain pressure during the movement,and the pressure is related to the type and working state of the hydraulic pump used.The most common ones in the hydraulic system of excavator are impeller pumps and plunger pumps.The working principles of these two pumps are slightly different.For impeller pumps,since the rotation of its impeller generates negative pressure,its pressure will not be too high,and generally does not exceed 20MPa.As for the plunger pump,since its plunger directly pushes the liquid,its pressure can reach 70MPa or even higher.

3.Control of hydraulic oil

In the hydraulic system of the excavator,the control of hydraulic oil is realized by various control valves and actuators.The function of the control valve is to control the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil,so as to realize the control of the actuator.The actuators include various hydraulic cylinders and motors,etc.,which are responsible for converting the energy of the hydraulic oil into mechanical energy,so as to realize various operations of the excavator.

4.Circulation of hydraulic oil

The hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is continuously circulated,so the control of oil temperature and oil quality is very important.Generally speaking,the hydraulic system will install a corresponding radiator to control the oil temperature,and filters and various detection sensors will also be set in the oil circuit system to ensure the oil quality and safe operation of the system.

In short,the basic working principle of the oil circuit of the hydraulic system of the excavator is to transmit the hydraulic oil to the actuator through pressure,so as to realize various operations of the excavator.The flow direction and flow rate of the hydraulic oil,the pressure size,the control method,the circulation and protection are all key factors affecting the operation of the hydraulic system.